As performed to assay the effects of PGPIPN on the proliferations of human normal hepatic cell line LO2 and murine embryo fibroblast cells (MEFs). The peptide was found to have no effect on the proliferation of LO2 cells (BTZ043 Figure 3A). The proliferation of MEFs was slightly affected by PGPIPN, which was significantly inhibited only at a high dose (0.3 g/L ) of the peptide for 72 hours, but the influence was much Tubastatin A smaller compared with positive control group (5-FU group) (Figure 3B). Consequently, PGPIPN exhibited little or no cytotoxicity towards untransformed cell, as compared with the traditional anticancer drugs (5-FU).Results PGPIPN Treatment Induced Cell Proliferation Inhibition and Apoptosis of SKOV3 Ovarian Cancer Cells in vitroPGPIPN has been shown to play an important role in immunomodulatory therapy 
and other effects in many researches [19?2,28?9]. This intrigues us to investigate whether PGPIPN can be used as anticancer agent. For this end we first investigated the effect of PGPIPN on the 
proliferation of SKOV3 cells. To our surprise, PGPIPN can effectively suppress the SKOV3 cells growth even at low dosage of 36108 g/L (Figure 1A). This inhibition capacity of PGPIPN was compared with 5-FU treatment when the cells were exposed to high concentration of 36103 g/L. The inhibition effect of PGPIPN also showed time- and dosedependent manor. Furthermore, compared with the control, PGPIPN treatment led to obvious morphological changes in SKOV3 cells, including cell shrinking, karyopyknosis, and appearance of the cytoplasmic vacuoles in some cells (date not shown). There also showed a deeply stained in the nuclear section and a great amount of cytoplasmic bodies or small pieces in the PGPIPN-treated cells, which are the typical characteristics of apoptic cells (data not shown). To validate this observation, we performed the apoptosis assay with Annexin V-TITC and PI double-staining method. PFPIPN treatment clearly induced SKOV3 cells underwent apoptosis after 48 h drug exposure at different concentrations (Figure 1B).PGPIPN Significantly Decreased Xenografted Tumor Growth in vivoTo determine whether PGPIPN has an anti-tumor effect in vivo, we engrafted SKOV3 cells subcutaneously into nude mice. Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into four groups: NS (normal saline), low dose PGPIPN, high dose PGPIPN and 5-FU (as positive control) groups as described in Materials and Methods. PGPIPN was administered intraperitoneally every other day beginning from the second day after inoculation of tumor cells. Saline served as a negative control, and 5-fluorouracil was used as a positive control. These mice were treated for 4 weeks. At the fourth weekend, tumors were removed and measured. Both dosages of PGPIPN can significantly inhibit tumor growth compared to the NS group (Figure 4A). Tumors in the NS group grew to an average volume of (1370.256303.12) mm3. In contrast, tumors in the PGPIPN low-dose group, PGPIPN high-dose group and 5-FU group grew to an average volume of (845.436205.09) mm3, (346.78697.16) mm3 and (705.826124.47) mm3, respectively (Figure 4A). Compared with the NS group, the inhibitory rates in PGPIPN low-dose group, PGPIPN high-dose group and 5FU group were 36.92 , 68.46 and 41.54 respectively. Consistently, the tumor sizes (Figure 4B) or weights (Figure 4C) were remarkably decreased in all drugs treatment groups as compared with control group. Together these data indicate that PGPIPN can effectively inhibit xenografted tumor.As performed to assay the effects of PGPIPN on the proliferations of human normal hepatic cell line LO2 and murine embryo fibroblast cells (MEFs). The peptide was found to have no effect on the proliferation of LO2 cells (Figure 3A). The proliferation of MEFs was slightly affected by PGPIPN, which was significantly inhibited only at a high dose (0.3 g/L ) of the peptide for 72 hours, but the influence was much smaller compared with positive control group (5-FU group) (Figure 3B). Consequently, PGPIPN exhibited little or no cytotoxicity towards untransformed cell, as compared with the traditional anticancer drugs (5-FU).Results PGPIPN Treatment Induced Cell Proliferation Inhibition and Apoptosis of SKOV3 Ovarian Cancer Cells in vitroPGPIPN has been shown to play an important role in immunomodulatory therapy and other effects in many researches [19?2,28?9]. This intrigues us to investigate whether PGPIPN can be used as anticancer agent. For this end we first investigated the effect of PGPIPN on the proliferation of SKOV3 cells. To our surprise, PGPIPN can effectively suppress the SKOV3 cells growth even at low dosage of 36108 g/L (Figure 1A). This inhibition capacity of PGPIPN was compared with 5-FU treatment when the cells were exposed to high concentration of 36103 g/L. The inhibition effect of PGPIPN also showed time- and dosedependent manor. Furthermore, compared with the control, PGPIPN treatment led to obvious morphological changes in SKOV3 cells, including cell shrinking, karyopyknosis, and appearance of the cytoplasmic vacuoles in some cells (date not shown). There also showed a deeply stained in the nuclear section and a great amount of cytoplasmic bodies or small pieces in the PGPIPN-treated cells, which are the typical characteristics of apoptic cells (data not shown). To validate this observation, we performed the apoptosis assay with Annexin V-TITC and PI double-staining method. PFPIPN treatment clearly induced SKOV3 cells underwent apoptosis after 48 h drug exposure at different concentrations (Figure 1B).PGPIPN Significantly Decreased Xenografted Tumor Growth in vivoTo determine whether PGPIPN has an anti-tumor effect in vivo, we engrafted SKOV3 cells subcutaneously into nude mice. Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into four groups: NS (normal saline), low dose PGPIPN, high dose PGPIPN and 5-FU (as positive control) groups as described in Materials and Methods. PGPIPN was administered intraperitoneally every other day beginning from the second day after inoculation of tumor cells. Saline served as a negative control, and 5-fluorouracil was used as a positive control. These mice were treated for 4 weeks. At the fourth weekend, tumors were removed and measured. Both dosages of PGPIPN can significantly inhibit tumor growth compared to the NS group (Figure 4A). Tumors in the NS group grew to an average volume of (1370.256303.12) mm3. In contrast, tumors in the PGPIPN low-dose group, PGPIPN high-dose group and 5-FU group grew to an average volume of (845.436205.09) mm3, (346.78697.16) mm3 and (705.826124.47) mm3, respectively (Figure 4A). Compared with the NS group, the inhibitory rates in PGPIPN low-dose group, PGPIPN high-dose group and 5FU group were 36.92 , 68.46 and 41.54 respectively. Consistently, the tumor sizes (Figure 4B) or weights (Figure 4C) were remarkably decreased in all drugs treatment groups as compared with control group. Together these data indicate that PGPIPN can effectively inhibit xenografted tumor.