), whilst there were no differences within the PT subscale (Mf 25.89 vs
), whilst there were no variations PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18596346 within the PT subscale (Mf 25.89 vs Mm 24.2; F,320 .65; p 0.28) and within the FS subscale (Mf 24.49 vs Mm 22.45; F,320 two.368; p 0.25; Figure ).BEESStatistical analyses showed significant key effects of both Sex (F,347 three.798; p,0.00) and Lateral Correspondence (F,347 four.023; p,0.05): females scored greater (n 78; M 37.56) than males (n 74; M 8.93), and participants who imagined the action being performed with their dominant hand scored higher (n 309; M 29.7) than those that imagined the action being performed with their nondominant hand (n 43; M 22.44). A considerable interaction between Sex and Lateral Correspondence (F,347 0.467; p,0.005) showed that the earlier benefits have been as a consequence of females who imagined the action getting performed with their dominant hand scoring significantly greater (n 54; M 39.79) than each of the other groups (females, nondominant: n 24, M 23.25; males, dominant: n 55, M eight.62; males, nondominant: n 9, M 2.42; all ps,0.00; p values adjustedAction Applying scissors MedChemExpress SB-366791 employing a toothbrush Working with a spoonMatches 02 02Mismatches 7 0doi:0.37journal.pone.004595.tPLoS One plosone.orgEmpathy Motor IdentificationFigure . Female and male participants’ scores around the IRI subscales (PT: Point of view Taking; FS: Fantasy; EC: Empathic Concern; PD: Private Distress). doi:0.37journal.pone.004595.gwith the TukeyKramer strategy), whilst there had been no differences in between these latter groups (Figure 2). Imagination taskWith regard to participants’ responses in the imagination task, the present results confirm these of our previous study [3]: ) both righthanders and lefthanders preferentially imagined actions performed with their dominant instead of nondominanthand (though this difference was substantial only for righthanders, possibly since the number of lefthanded participants was not enough to detect a rather moderate distinction); 2) in comparison to lefthanders, righthanders reported a bigger proportion of matches in between their dominant hand and also the hand utilised by the imagined agent. As currently proposed [3], the lower proportion of matches vs mismatches in lefthanders could be attributed to both their higher visual familiarity with actions performed with their nondominant hand (inducing an incongruence among the visual practical experience of others’ actions and one’sFigure two. BEES scores as a function of Sex and Lateral Correspondence (D: dominant hand; ND: nondominant hand). doi:0.37journal.pone.004595.gPLoS 1 plosone.orgEmpathy Motor Identificationown experience of selfmade actions) and their reduce average absolute degree of lateralization, in line with previous analysis showing handednessrelated differences with regard to motor representations in both behavioral and functional measures [568].Selfreported empathyCompared to males, females exhibited larger empathy scores, along with the difference was especially important for the emotional element of empathy, as apparent in participants’ responses for the IRI EC subscale plus the BEES. This really is constant with previous analysis employing selfreport information [59]. Our outcomes offer superior (albeit not comprehensive) assistance for the hypothesis that participants imagining actions performed with their dominant hand would exhibit larger empathy when compared with those imagining actions performed with their nondominant hand. In actual fact, the impact of lateral correspondence was due exclusively to females, mainly because female participants who imagined actions performed with their dominant.