Aastricht University, Maastricht, The NetherlandsElectromagnetic Sensors of Metabolic Activity John H. Miller, Jr.,1 Jie Fang,1 Shih-Ying Hsu,1 William R. Widger,2 and Dale J. Hamilton3* 1 Dept. of Physics and Texas Ctr. for Superconductivity, Univ. of Houston, Houston, TX 77204005 2Dept. of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204001 3Dept. of Medicine, The Methodist 656820-32-5 Biological Activity Hospital, 6550 302803-72-1 Autophagy Fannin St., Suite 1001, Houston, TexasCardiovasc Drugs Ther (2008) 22:133Background: The human heart recycles 35 kg of ATP inside a single day. Hence, cardiac metabolism is emerging as a target for the therapy of heart failure, and mitochondrial dysfunction is becoming implicated in heart illness. Hypothesis/objectives: Oscillatory electric fields induce membrane proteins to transform conformation leading to nonlinear responses of charged residues and ions, which final results within the generation of 1243243-89-1 MedChemExpress harmonics that may be picked up by sensing electrodes. Our objectives are to create and study electromagnetic procedures [1] that probe metabolic activity of enzyme complexes in mitochondria, the cellular plasma membrane, as well as other internal membranes. Procedures: We measure 2nd and higher degree harmonics generated by entire cells, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, in response to AC electric fields at frequencies ranging as much as some ten’s of kilohertz. Outcomes: The measured harmonics depend strongly on frequency, field amplitude, and metabolic activity, as shown in Fig. 1. In the case of mitochondrial suspensions, electron transport chain (Etc) activators and inhibitors affect observed functions in 2nd harmonic spectra.inactive. The data was obtained together with the 4-electrode setup, in which a sinusoidal voltage is applied across the outer two electrodes and the induced harmonics are measured across two inner electrodes having a spectrum analyzer. Conclusions: Harmonic generation spectroscopy reflects mitochondrial And so forth function in reside cells, and provides a method to assess mitochondrial function in human tissues. A feasible application includes assessment of myocardial mitochondria in individuals with heart failure and diabetes. We’re also exploring procedures to electromagnetically probe enzyme activity at the nanoscale.[1] Miller, JH, Jr. et al. Electromagnetic probes of molecular motors in the electron transport chains of mitochondria and chloroplasts. J de Physique IV France, 2005;131:36366.TGF- and 12-Lipoxygenase Regulate Glut4 Expression in Cardiac Cells Swifka J., 2Sasson S. and 1Eckel J. Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, D seldorf, Germany; 2Hebrew University, School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel1Harmonic generation spectra of suspensions of budding yeast (S. cerevisiae, prime), a relative of the mitochondrial ancestor (B. indicas, lower left), and uncoupled mammalian mitochondria, in which And so on complexes I, III, and IV have already been activated by adding glutamate malate (lower correct). The spectral features generated by S. cerevisiae are observed to raise with cell concentration (upper left). We locate that potassium cyanide, which binds to complicated IV and fully shuts down ATP production, suppresses the observed spectral attributes, as observed in the B. indicas information. The higher frequency function (12 kHz) observed in whole cells isn’t seen in uncoupled mitochondria, exactly where ATP synthase isWe have lately shown that eicosanoids take part in the regulation of cardiac glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation. In the.