Nside the heart via the veins or arteries. Working with these catheters, cardiologists can map electrical activity on the endocardial surface in the heart and then applying heat or cold develop tiny scars inside the heart to block abnormal wave propagation and stop cardiac arrhythmias. Our findings show that in case of gray zone rotation, mapping from the wave can reflect not simply the boundary from the scar, but also the boundary of the gray zone, and it may potentially impact the preparing from the ablation process. Naturally, for extra practical suggestions, extra research are necessary which will use realistic shapes of infarction scars and also reproduce regional electrograms recoded by cardiac mapping systems [38,39]. five. Conclusions We showed that in an anatomical model of the ventricles using the infarction scar surrounded by the gray zone, we can observe two key regimes of wave rotation: the scar Compound 48/80 Protocol Rotation regime, i.e., when wave rotates around a scar inside the gray zone, and gray zone regime, when the wave rotates around the gray zone around the border of the normal tissue. The transition for the scar rotation occurs when the gray zone width is bigger than one hundred mm, according to the perimeter in the scar. A comparison of an anatomical 3D ventricular model with generic 2D myocardial models revealed that rotational anisotropy in the depth of ventricular wall accounts for quicker wave propagation as compared with 2D anisotropic case without the need of rotation, and thus leads to ventricular arrhythmia periods closer to isotropic tissue.Mathematics 2021, 9,14 ofSupplementary Supplies: The following are offered on the web at https://www.mdpi.com/D-Fructose-6-phosphate disodium salt manufacturer article/10 .3390/math9222911/s1, Figure S1: Dependence in the wave rotation period around the perimeter of gray zone at various space step, Table S1: Dependence of the wave rotation period around the perimeter in the gray zone at diverse space step. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, A.V.P., D.M. and O.S.; formal evaluation, D.M. and P.K.; methodology, A.V.P. and P.K., D.M.; software program A.D. and D.M.; supervision, A.V.P. and O.S.; visualization, D.M. plus a.D.; writing–original draft preparation, D.M., A.D., A.V.P., and O.S.; writing–review and editing, D.M., A.D., P.K., A.V.P., and O.S. All authors have study and agreed to the published version in the manuscript. Funding: A.V.P., P.K., D.M., A.D., and O.S. was funded by the Russian Foundation for Simple Study (#18-29-13008). P.K., D.M., A.D., and O.S. work was carried out inside the framework of the IIF UrB RAS theme No AAAA-A21-121012090093-0. Data Availability Statement: Information related to this study might be supplied by the corresponding authors on request. Acknowledgments: We are thankful to Arcady Pertsov for any useful discussion. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.AbbreviationsThe following abbreviations are utilised within this manuscript: CV FR GZ GZR IS NT SR SR2 Conduction Velocity Functional Rotation Gray Zone Gray Zone Rotation Post-infarction Scar Standard Tissue Scar Rotation Scar Rotation Two
mathematicsArticleNumerical Strategy for Detecting the Resonance Effects of Drilling throughout Assembly of Aircraft StructuresAlexey Vasiliev 1 , Sergey Lupuleac two, 1and Julia ShinderNokia Solutions and Networks, 109004 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] Virtual Simulation Laboratory, Institute of Physics and Mechanics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] Correspondence: lupuleac@mai.