Ined within the report. Acknowledgments: Richard Bellerby was supported by the CE2COAST Project Downscaling Climate and Ocean Change to Services: Thresholds and Possibilities (Norwegian Research Council Project No. 321890) by means of the 2019 “Joint Transnational Get in touch with on Next Generation Climate Science in Europe for Oceans” initiated by JPI Climate and JPI Oceans. We deeply thank Quanxing Liu and Guosen Zhang who gave guidance and worked on nutrient determination within this work. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
waterArticleDetailed Trend Evaluation of Intense Climate Indices in the Upper Geum River BasinMicah Lourdes Felix 1 , Young-kyu Kim 1, , Mikyoung Choi 2 , Joo-Cheol Kim two , Xuan Khanh Do 3 , Thu Hien Nguyen 3 and Kwansue UCB-5307 Purity JungDepartment of Civil Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea; [email protected] (M.L.F.); [email protected] (K.J.) International Water Resources Research Institute, Deajeon 305-764, Korea; [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (J.-C.K.) Faculty of Water Sources Engineering, Thuyloi University, Hanoi 115000, Vietnam; [email protected] (X.K.D.); [email protected] (T.H.N.) Correspondence: [email protected]: Felix, M.L.; Kim, Y.-k.; Choi, M.; Kim, J.-C.; Do, X.K.; Nguyen, T.H.; Jung, K. Detailed Trend Evaluation of Intense Climate Indices inside the Upper Geum River Basin. Water 2021, 13, 3171. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223171 Academic Editor: Momcilo Markus Received: 7 October 2021 Accepted: 8 November 2021 Published: 10 NovemberAbstract: To investigate the Nitrocefin Protocol current effects of climate adjust within the upper Geum River basin in South Korea, a detailed trend evaluation of 17 intense climate indices determined by 33 years (1988020) of each day precipitation, and daily (minimum and maximum) temperature information has been analyzed in this study. Out on the 17 extreme climate indices, nine (eight) indices were determined by temperature (precipitation) information. Trend analysis determined by detailed temporal scales (annual, seasonal, month-to-month) were performed through the Mann endall trend test along with the Theil en slope method. In addition, the Mann hitney ettit test was also applied within this study, to detect abrupt changes in the extreme climate indices. Determined by the results of this study, the climate situations at the upper Geum River basin for the previous three decades is often summarized as follows: general raise in temperature intensity, decrease in cold duration, enhanced heat duration, elevated precipitation intensity, and increased consecutive wet and dry durations. Furthermore, a prolonged summer time season (shorter spring, and autumn periods) and precipitation shifts, were detected depending on trend evaluation results of seasonal, and monthly time scales. The results presented in this study can deliver supplementary information for improving watershed management techniques in the upper Geum River basin. Keywords: intense climate index; Yongdam dam; trend evaluation; Mann endall; ETCCDI1. Introduction Climate variability has been causing considerable effects on the alternation of the hydroclimatic systems [1]. The frequent occurrence of unprecedented extreme climate events due to unpredictable climate, results in human casualties, propriety, and financial losses. To better realize how a climate influences the frequency and intensity of intense climate events, trends in the historical and future climate data have been broadly investigated [2]. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Chang.