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NIH Public AccessAuthor Bcl-W list ManuscriptMatrix Biol. Author manuscript; obtainable in PMC 2015 February 01.Published in final edited type as: Matrix Biol. 2014 February ; 34: 12431. doi:10.1016j.matbio.2013.ten.006.NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptHeparin-dependent regulation of fibronectin matrix conformationBrant Hubbard1, Jo Ann Buczek-Thomas2, Matthew A. Nugent2,3,four,, and Michael L. Smith3,1MolecularBiology, Cell Biology Biochemistry System, Boston University Boston, MA 02215 of Biochemistry Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA 02118 of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University Boston, MA 02215 of Biological Sciences University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell, MA2Department 3Department 4DepartmentAbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) conformation is regulated by many Chk2 review different stimuli in vivo, like mechanical forces and allosteric binding partners, and these conformational modifications contribute towards the regulation of cell behavior. Heparin and heparan sulfate, by way of example, have already been shown to regulate the sequestration and presentation of many development elements, including vascular endothelial development issue, around the heparin two binding domain in fibronectin (Fn). However, mechanical force also alters Fn conformation, indicating that the growth factor binding region can be co-regulated by both heparin and mechanical force. Herein, we describe a basic antibodybased approach for evaluating the conformation with the heparin two binding domain in Fn, and use it to determine the relative contributions of heparin and mechanical strain towards the regulation of Fn conformation. We achieved specificity in quantifying conformational alterations within this region of Fn by measuring the ratio of two fluorescent monoclonal antibodies, 1 that is certainly insensitive to Fn conformational changes and also a second whose binding is lowered or enhanced by non-equilibrium conformational modifications. Importantly, this method is shown to operate on Fn adsorbed on surfaces, single Fn fibers, and Fn matrix fibers in cell culture. Applying our dual antibody method, we show that heparin and mechanical strain co-regulate Fn conformation in matrix fibrils, which can be the first demonstration of heparin-dependent regulation of Fn in its physiologically-relevant fibrillar state. Furthermore, the dual antibody approach utilizes commercially offered antibodies and uncomplicated immunohistochemistry, as a result generating it accessible to a wide array of scientists thinking about Fn mechanobiology.Keywords and phrases Fibronectin; extracellular matrix; heparin2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. and International Society of Matrix Biology. All rights reservedCo-Corresponding authors: Michael L. Smith Boston University 44 Cummington Mall ERB 502 Boston, MA 02215 617-358-5489 msmithbu.edu. Matthew A. Nugent University of Massachusetts Lowell 198 Riverside Street, Olsen 414A Lowell, MA 01854 978-934-2888 matthew_nugentuml.edu. Publisher’s Disclaimer: This can be a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our consumers we are delivering this early version with the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and critique with the resulting proo.