Glia and GFP+ BMderived cells in the injured sciatic nerve and spinal cord.phosphate-buffered LY2409021 saline (PBS). Between 3? h after the irradiation, the WT or TRPM2-KO recipient mice were transplanted with 4.06106 BM cells by an intravenous injection into the tail vein. WT recipient mice transplanted with WT donor mousederived GFP+ BM cells (TRPM2BM+/Rec+), WT recipient mice transplanted with TRPM2-KO donor mouse-derived GFP+ BM cells (TRPM2BM?Rec+), TRPM2-KO recipient mice transplanted with WT donor mouse-derived GFP+ BM cells (TRPM2BM+/Rec?, and TRPM2-KO recipient mice transplanted with TRPM2-KO donor mouse-derived GFP+ BM cells (TRPM2BM?Rec? were housed in an environment of specific pathogen-free conditions with free access to autoclaved pellets and kanamycin-containing autoclaved water (1:10,000). After 6 weeks, all chimeric animals were housed in a conventional environment, and male BM chimeric mice were used for pSNL surgery at the age of 12 weeks.Flow CytometryFlow cytometry was used to identify the purity of GFP+ cells in the blood after the BM transplantation. Peripheral blood (100 ml) was collected from the tail vein of each chimeric mouse at 6 weeks after BM transplantation. Collected blood was dissolved in 300 ml of saline diluted three times for approximately 10 s to hemolyze the erythrocytes. After adding 1000 ml of saline to restore the osmotic pressure, the solution was centrifuged for 5 min at 2,0006g. After pipetting off the KS-176 site supernatant, the cells were washed by adding 1000 ml of saline and centrifuged for 5 min at 2,0006g. After pipetting off the supernatant, 500 ml of fluorescenceactivated cell sorting (FACS) buffer (0.02 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 0.01 bovine serum albumin in PBS) was added. The purity of GFP+ cells was assessed by FACS (Gallios, Beckman Coulter, Brea, California).Materials and Methods AnimalsThis study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guiding Principles for the Care and Use of The Japanese Pharmacological Society. The protocol was approved by the Kyoto University Animal Research Committee (Permit Number: 2012?4 and 2013?4). All efforts were made to minimize the number of animals used and to limit experimentation to that necessary to produce reliable scientific information. TRPM2-KO mice were generated as previously reported [16]. The TRPM2-KO mouse line was backcrossed with C57BL/6J mice for ten generations to eliminate any background effects on the phenotype. C57BL/6-Tg(CAG-EGFP)C14 01-FM131Osb transgenic mice (GFP-transgenic mice), a transgenic line with an EGFP cDNA under the control of a chicken b-actin promoter and cytomegalovirus enhancer [25], and C57BL/6J mice were purchased from Nihon SLC (Shizuoka, Japan). All animals were group-housed with free access to food and water and maintained on a 12-h light/dark cycle.Neuropathic Pain ModelFor the pSNL model of neuropathic pain, surgery was performed as previously described, with slight modifications [27,28]. Briefly, under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, a 5 mm incision was made and the right sciatic nerve was exposed just distal to the branch leading to the posterior biceps femoris/ semitendinous muscles. One-third to one-half of the diameter of the right sciatic nerve at the upper thigh level was ligated tightly with a 9-0 silk suture. The wound was closed by suturing the muscle and skin layers.Behavioral TestAnimals were acclimatized to the testing environment for at least 1 h before the behavioral.Glia and GFP+ BMderived cells in the injured sciatic nerve and spinal cord.phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Between 3? h after the irradiation, the WT or TRPM2-KO recipient mice were transplanted with 4.06106 BM cells by an intravenous injection into the tail vein. WT recipient mice transplanted with WT donor mousederived GFP+ BM cells (TRPM2BM+/Rec+), WT recipient mice transplanted with TRPM2-KO donor mouse-derived GFP+ BM cells (TRPM2BM?Rec+), TRPM2-KO recipient mice transplanted with WT donor mouse-derived GFP+ BM cells (TRPM2BM+/Rec?, and TRPM2-KO recipient mice transplanted with TRPM2-KO donor mouse-derived GFP+ BM cells (TRPM2BM?Rec? were housed in an environment of specific pathogen-free conditions with free access to autoclaved pellets and kanamycin-containing autoclaved water (1:10,000). After 6 weeks, all chimeric animals were housed in a conventional environment, and male BM chimeric mice were used for pSNL surgery at the age of 12 weeks.Flow CytometryFlow cytometry was used to identify the purity of GFP+ cells in the blood after the BM transplantation. Peripheral blood (100 ml) was collected from the tail vein of each chimeric mouse at 6 weeks after BM transplantation. Collected blood was dissolved in 300 ml of saline diluted three times for approximately 10 s to hemolyze the erythrocytes. After adding 1000 ml of saline to restore the osmotic pressure, the solution was centrifuged for 5 min at 2,0006g. After pipetting off the supernatant, the cells were washed by adding 1000 ml of saline and centrifuged for 5 min at 2,0006g. After pipetting off the supernatant, 500 ml of fluorescenceactivated cell sorting (FACS) buffer (0.02 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 0.01 bovine serum albumin in PBS) was added. The purity of GFP+ cells was assessed by FACS (Gallios, Beckman Coulter, Brea, California).Materials and Methods AnimalsThis study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guiding Principles for the Care and Use of The Japanese Pharmacological Society. The protocol was approved by the Kyoto University Animal Research Committee (Permit Number: 2012?4 and 2013?4). All efforts were made to minimize the number of animals used and to limit experimentation to that necessary to produce reliable scientific information. TRPM2-KO mice were generated as previously reported [16]. The TRPM2-KO mouse line was backcrossed with C57BL/6J mice for ten generations to eliminate any background effects on the phenotype. C57BL/6-Tg(CAG-EGFP)C14 01-FM131Osb transgenic mice (GFP-transgenic mice), a transgenic line with an EGFP cDNA under the control of a chicken b-actin promoter and cytomegalovirus enhancer [25], and C57BL/6J mice were purchased from Nihon SLC (Shizuoka, Japan). All animals were group-housed with free access to food and water and maintained on a 12-h light/dark cycle.Neuropathic Pain ModelFor the pSNL model of neuropathic pain, surgery was performed as previously described, with slight modifications [27,28]. Briefly, under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, a 5 mm incision was made and the right sciatic nerve was exposed just distal to the branch leading to the posterior biceps femoris/ semitendinous muscles. One-third to one-half of the diameter of the right sciatic nerve at the upper thigh level was ligated tightly with a 9-0 silk suture. The wound was closed by suturing the muscle and skin layers.Behavioral TestAnimals were acclimatized to the testing environment for at least 1 h before the behavioral.